ACTS AND COURT CASES ON AMERICAN MULTICULTURALISM

ACTS AND COURT CASES ON AMERICAN MULTICULTURALISM

Instructor: Jonathan B. Moore

Spring 2010

We’ve covered our materials until the Jewish American so far. I understand that we are facing some difficulties and distortion in understanding material during the class. Many students shown their best effort in catching the idea and I wrote this note in order to help those people, unless you were too lazy. I would like to add some information to complete this note and I will honor to welcome your critics and additional info.

African American

~1862/1863 the emancipation of proclamation stated by Abraham Lincoln to free slaves in US particularly the south society. This frees nobody anyway.

~Jim Crow Laws established the idea in limiting certain groups’ rights to vote, participate in government, and even travel post-Civil War.

~1855 Plessey vs. Ferguson established the idea of separate but equal. The problem is: not really equal.

~1919-1932 the Harlem Renaissance slowly African American developed the new African American movement that refers to the flowering of African American intellectual life. (ps: it pronounced ‘renasans’)

~1933 the great depression in US, it simply ended the Harlem renaissance.

~1959 Brown vs. Board Education, finally defined that separate is not equal.

~1964 Civil Rights Act, defined that public discrimination is illegal. This also supports other ethnic group and other minority groups.

Native American

~1861 Indian Reservation established

~1830 the Indian Removal Act, prior to this time European argued that Indian do not have sovereignty. This effectively did away with all treaties and contracts signed between the United States and the Native American.

~Trail Of tears, the US government decided to move Indians from Mississippi areas to Oklahoma on forced march, many people died.

~1890 Battle of Wounded Knee, the Indian massacre. Indian hunting that killed almost man, woman, and children oh Indian. The US soldier systematically moved to kill Indian.

~1979 The American Indian Religious Freedom Act, It was the first time the US government through Supreme Court of freedom to practice Native American religion.

Hispanic American

~1941 the Fair Employment Practices Act, argued that discrimination was not allowed in the workplace.

~1954 Hernandez vs. Texas, a supreme court case that Hispanic are not black, but they have equal determination to black people. Dealing with this issue also work together with the 14^th amendment of equal protection under the law. This also stated that Hispanics were included in the Fair Employment Practices Act.

~1950 Initial Civil Rights, the farm workers lead by Ceasar Chavez organized people together to demonstrate the government asking for the Hispanic worker rights.

~1954-1958 Operation Wetback, deported 3,8 million Hispanics, Immigration Naturalization Resource send them back to their origin.

~1980’s The Sanctuary City, the federal government decided who can be the legal citizen. Depending on there are 39 states in USA. They working similarity mind with the Hispanic Chamber of commerce I guess. This also develops barrio as the cultural center. Here, illegal immigrants are usually not deported from these even if they are arrested for other crimes.

~The proposition 227, did not allows bilingual education in public school of California. Prior to that time, the legal obstruction would mostly impact Hispanic families with children on America’s west coast.

Puerto Rican American

Mr. Moore concerned this subject to a movie (The west side story 1961), just watch it anyway.

~1917 The Jones Act, enabling migration for Puerto Rican free from all immigration barriers to US. Puerto Rican is US citizens.

Chinese American

~1854 People vs. Hall, this states that Chinese immigrants could not testify in American Courts.

~1862 Police Tax, during the gold rush, Chinese workers in California essentially asked to pay US$ 2.50 per month.

~1875 Page Act, banned the immigration by undesirables such as women and criminals to US.

~1882 Chinese Exclusion Act required that this ethic group to reapply for citizenship and made it much more difficult for new members of the group to enter the US.

~ San Francisco China Town Quarantined

~McCarran Walter Immigration and Nationality Act

~US vs. Wong Kim

Jewish American

~May Laws The major cause of emigration from Tzarist Russia (which included modern day Lithuania) in the late 1880s. Jews were forbidden to settle outside the towns and shtetls (townlets); Deeds of sale and lease of real estate in the name of Jews outside the towns and shtetls were canceled; and Jews were prohibited from trading on Sundays and Christian holidays.

~1981 Nuremberg Laws unofficial and particular measures taken against Jews up to 1935. The Nazi leaders made a point of stressing the consistency of this legislation with the Party program which demanded that Jews should be deprived of their rights as citizens.

~1948 Israel Establish the nation of state

~1983 Jewish Faith open law

~Blue Laws usually referred to as Sunday closing laws, prohibit certain types of commercial activity on Sundays.

By Anisa Caesar, Salatiga April 25^th 2010